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	<title>Artists &#8211; Maite Leon</title>
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	<title>Artists &#8211; Maite Leon</title>
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		<title>Portfolio review: an outside perspective makes all the difference</title>
		<link>https://maiteleon.com/portfolio-review-an-outside-perspective-makes-all-the-difference/</link>
					<comments>https://maiteleon.com/portfolio-review-an-outside-perspective-makes-all-the-difference/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maite LEON]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Apr 2026 17:08:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flowink Myst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illustration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maite Leon]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[By Maite Leon, artist, illustrator &#38; portfolio reviewer You’ve spent hours, perhaps weeks, gathering your work, choosing your photos and writing your artist statement. And...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><em>By Maite Leon, artist, illustrator &amp; portfolio reviewer</em></h5>
<p>You’ve spent hours, perhaps weeks, gathering your work, choosing your photos and writing your artist statement. And yet, when someone reads your portfolio, you’re not there to explain, guide or put things in context. The document has to speak for you, but: does it really say what you want to communicate? Does it showcase your work sufficiently?</p>
<p>This is where portfolio review comes in. It is not a spell-check, nor just a friendly opinion, but a critical, professional and supportive review of your artistic portfolio, much like a jury, a gallery owner or a residency programme director would provide.</p>
<h3>What your portfolio says about you</h3>
<p>When I receive a portfolio, I read it all at once, as if I were an outside reader who doesn’t know you and knows nothing about your work. This initial, fresh perspective is very useful, because it allows me to analyse these key points:</p>
<h4>Overall coherence</h4>
<p>A portfolio is not an overview of all your work. It is a selection that should tell a story and create a sense of unity. Can the viewer grasp your artistic vision from the very first pages? Do the selected works complement each other and interact together, or do they, on the contrary, contradict each other and confuse the reader?</p>
<p>Visual coherence: are the images reproduced with the same quality and care? Is the layout spacious or cluttered? Often, one piece per page is enough. Empty space is not a flaw; it gives breathing space and highlights the art on display.</p>
<p>Artistic coherence: do your various series or mediums seem to belong to the same artistic universe, to the same body of thought? Does your portfolio look like a jumbled showcase where everything is thrown together with no apparent relation?</p>
<h4>The artistic statement</h4>
<p>The artistic statement is often a tricky bit. It’s the text that explains what you do, why and how you do it. It’s a key element of the portfolio. And it’s often the part that&#8217;s hard to write.</p>
<p>The text should be as personal as possible and focus solely on you and your work. You can explain your creative journey, your artistic influences, your intentions, and your creative and production goals.</p>
<p>When I read your statement I ask myself three simple questions: What do you do? Why? How? If, after reading it twice, I can’t answer these clearly, it means there’s some groundwork to be done. Your work may be perfectly understandable, but the text isn’t expressing it clearly enough.</p>
<h4>How you display your work</h4>
<p>The order in which you present your work matters. The first image sets the tone. The last one leaves a lasting impression. In between, rhythm is key: alternate formats, colours and visual density. Moreover, if your selection is too extensive, the viewer loses track; if it is too sparse, the scope of your work is not apparent; and if it is poorly organized, your strongest pieces are not shown to their best advantage.</p>
<h4>Practical information</h4>
<p>Is each artwork properly captioned? Title, year, technique, dimensions, and photographer’s credit where necessary. This information may seem secondary, but its absence is immediately obvious to a jury or gallery owner. Is your artistic CV up to date, easy to read, and focused on your artistic activities? Are your contact details clearly visible?</p>
<h3>A summary of the review</h3>
<p>Once I have fully reviewed your portfolio, I will sent you structured, written feedback, including:</p>
<p>• A summary of the overall impression, as a professional reader might phrase it.<br />
• The identified strengths: what works, what should be kept, and what deserves to be highlighted even more.<br />
• Areas for improvement, expressed in a concrete and constructive way, to help you showcase your work more effectively.</p>
<p>The aim is not to tell you what to do, but to give you the tools and practical information to decide for yourself what you want to include in your portfolio.</p>
<h3>Why an outside perspective makes all the difference</h3>
<p>Simply because we’re always too close to our own work. We know the context behind every piece inside out, and the thought processes that led to every decision. And what seems obvious to you isn’t necessarily so to someone seeing your portfolio for the first time, especially when that person is the one you need to convince.</p>
<p>I’ve got into the habit of having my portfolio reviewed regularly. This external analysis allows me to tailor the presentation of my work to my artistic vision, to improve its coherence, and to secure grants, applications and find clients (galleries, collectors).<div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 28px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>► Would you like to have your portfolio reviewed? Book a one on one session <a href="https://maiteleon.com/product/illustration-portfolio-review-40-minutes-one-on-one/">here</a>.</p>

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		<title>Cross-interview: Maite Leon + Flowink Myst</title>
		<link>https://maiteleon.com/cross-interview-maite-leon-flowink-myst/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maite LEON]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2024 17:45:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flowink Myst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illustration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maite Leon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://maiteleon.com/?p=7796</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Myrto Stathatou, aka Flowink Myst, is a Greek architect, graphic designer and illustrator adopted by the City of Lights. “Flowink Myst” comes from “flow” and...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Myrto Stathatou, aka Flowink Myst</strong>, is a Greek architect, graphic designer and illustrator adopted by the City of Lights. “Flowink Myst” comes from “flow” and “ink” and her initials (MYrto STathatou). She mainly works for events, culture and publishing.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>Maite Leon</strong> is an artist and illustrator. Of Franco-Greek origin, she lives and works in Paris, for press, publishing and private clients. She also exhibits her work in France and abroad.</p>
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<h3>What is your background?</h3>
<p><strong>FM:</strong> I studied architecture in Athens then moved to Paris in 2011, seeking a more creative field of practice. I fell in love with the city, then I found my place in the artistic direction of parisian architecture agencies. I spent my days on 3D renderings, hand-drawn architecture visualisations and graphics charts (diagrams, logos, layout).</p>
<p>As the years went by and I passed 30, I began to wonder about the architect’s global lifestyle, including crazy working hours, casual sexism, but also about our impact on the urban area. I was working for an agency that besides their “craft oriented” communication was building low-cost projects, meant to last a few decades. Moreover, I was witnessing a certain industrialisation of the creative process and a stagnancy on climate issues. I decided to change my way a little before the Covid era.</p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> I grew up in Greece. I went to the Lycée Français d&#8217;Athènes. I had a passion for languages, so I started by studying linguistics applied to law and economics at Paris X University. After that, I worked in several creative industries: I subtitled films for ten years (Titra-films, Arte), I was a proofreader and translator in publishing (Hatier, Seuil), I localized video games (Disney Interactive Studios, Ubisoft) and I worked with French cartoonist Plantu for twelve years in the press (Le Monde).</p>
<p>I love visual storytelling. I&#8217;ve been working as a full-time illustrator since 2021, and have been pursuing my artistic work for over fifteen years. Today, my clients are mainly in the press and publishing industries, as well as private individuals.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-image-7816"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="834" height="652" class="wp-image-7816" style="width: 498px; height: auto;" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/SEAFOOD-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@@.jpg" alt="SEAFOOD-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/SEAFOOD-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@@.jpg 834w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/SEAFOOD-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@@-300x235.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/SEAFOOD-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@@-768x600.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/SEAFOOD-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@@-15x12.jpg 15w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/SEAFOOD-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@@-600x469.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px" />
<figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Seafood, personal illustration, 2023 Maite Leon</figcaption>
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<h3>FM: Your work has a very personal touch, whatever the subject. How did you develop such a distinctive style?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> My style has developed over time. Initially, there was a desire to find a textured rendering that was close to traditional artwork, while working digitally. I draw my images by hand, and my textures in ink or acrylic, then I scan them to integrate them into my illustrations. My palette is made up of bright colours that bring up positive emotions.</p>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">ML: Your colour palette is also quite unique. Where does this choice come from?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>FM: </strong>As my style is quite realistic, I use colour to create a poetic, muted vibe, somewhere between dream and reality.<br />My choice of colours changed a lot when I switched to digital. The fact that I could change them quickly and test things out has allowed me to evolve and define my view on aesthetics in a more precise way. In the end, it’s funny to see that certain colours are consistent from illustration to illustration.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-image-7818"><img decoding="async" width="680" height="680" class="wp-image-7818" style="width: 680px;" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@.jpg" alt="FlowinkMyst2" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@.jpg 1200w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-300x300.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-150x150.jpg 150w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-768x768.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-12x12.jpg 12w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-550x550.jpg 550w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-600x600.jpg 600w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst2@-100x100.jpg 100w" sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" />
<figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pink House, Digital illustration, Flowink Myst</figcaption>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">Where do you draw your inspiration from?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>FM: </strong>My inspiration comes largely from music itself, but also from the visual artists who worked in the music industry. Growing up in the years before the internet, I associated music with objects, posters, CDs, cassettes or vinyl records. As a kid, I used to daydream imagining stories inspired by music and album artworks. That’s where my curiosity for visuals came from. Nowadays, I find inspiration just about everywhere – there’s no shortage of references on social networks, but also in nature, modern society issues, environmental challenges, pop culture and many more.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> Everything around me inspires me. Everyday life, people, objects, nature. For me, it&#8217;s all about the eye and observation. I like to tell real or fictional stories, while adding an extra dimension, that of my own perception, and leaving room for the viewer&#8217;s imagination.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-image-7613"><img decoding="async" width="849" height="1200" class="wp-image-7613" style="width: 680px; height: auto;" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CHILDHOOD-MEMORIES-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@.jpg" alt="CHILDHOOD-MEMORIES-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CHILDHOOD-MEMORIES-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@.jpg 849w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CHILDHOOD-MEMORIES-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@-212x300.jpg 212w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CHILDHOOD-MEMORIES-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@-724x1024.jpg 724w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CHILDHOOD-MEMORIES-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@-768x1086.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CHILDHOOD-MEMORIES-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@-8x12.jpg 8w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CHILDHOOD-MEMORIES-MAITE-LEON-ILLUSTRATIONS@-600x848.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 849px) 100vw, 849px" />
<figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Childhood Memories, Pigment print, 50&#215;70 cm, Maite Leon 2023</figcaption>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">Which artists influenced your work?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> I love the poetry in the drawings of Italian artist Lorenzo Mattotti and British illustrator Owen Gent. Gérard Garouste&#8217;s astonishing paintings, those of William Bouguereau, Paul Watzlawick&#8217;s writings on the perception of reality and Laurent Durieux&#8217;s highly detailed film posters. Not forgetting Carl Jung and his writings on the subconscious. I have a particular affinity with the surrealist and symbolist movements. People, nature, everyday details and dreams are my main sources of inspiration.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>FM: </strong>I’m quite influenced by Tito Merello Vilar’s detailed yet ‘unfinished’ illustrations, Coco Che Jota’s paintings that combine design and lifestyle, and Carlo Stanga’s architectural illustrations. I’ve also been very influenced by Storm Thorgerson, photographer and creator of album covers for hundreds of iconic bands (including Pink Floyd), whose mysterious, ‘infinite’ compositions and atmospheres have fuelled my imagination.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-image-7823"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="680" height="680" class="wp-image-7823" style="width: 680px;" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST.jpg" alt="KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST.jpg 1240w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-300x300.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-150x150.jpg 150w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-768x768.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-12x12.jpg 12w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-550x550.jpg 550w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-600x600.jpg 600w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KIPLAN-THERES-NO-COLORS-FLOWINK-MYST-100x100.jpg 100w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" />
<figcaption class="wp-element-caption">There&#8217;s no colours, digital illustration for the Kiplan EP cover, Flowink Myst</figcaption>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">FM: There&#8217;s a very dreamlike dimension to your work. Dreams are one of your favourite subjects. How did you come up with this idea?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> I&#8217;m a big dreamer, and have been ever since I was a child. I&#8217;ve always paid attention to dreams and I naturally became interested in other people&#8217;s dreams. In 2023, I wrote a self-published artist&#8217;s booklet entitled &#8221; Dreams &amp; Nightmares &#8221; (in French) in which I collected several testimonies that I illustrated. Dreams are both intimate and universal, a language shared by everyone, regardless of frontiers. It&#8217;s a subject that fascinates me and that I&#8217;m developing as part of my work as an artist.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-image-7824"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="759" height="463" class="wp-image-7824" style="width: 818px; height: auto;" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Livret-RevesetCauchemars-Maite-Leon-p26-27@.jpg" alt="Livret-RevesetCauchemars-Maite-Leon" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Livret-RevesetCauchemars-Maite-Leon-p26-27@.jpg 759w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Livret-RevesetCauchemars-Maite-Leon-p26-27@-300x183.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Livret-RevesetCauchemars-Maite-Leon-p26-27@-18x12.jpg 18w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Livret-RevesetCauchemars-Maite-Leon-p26-27@-600x366.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px" />
<figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pages from the &#8220;Dreams &amp; Nightmares&#8221; booklet, Maite Leon, 2023</figcaption>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">What projects are you working on right now?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>FM: </strong>I’m currently working on an album cover recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London, which will be released this summer, and on the graphic chart for a Paris-based company that helps musical projects to make their way in the music industry.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Behind the scenes, I’m working on a new series of illustrations called <em>Utopicities 2050</em>, inspired by solarpunk and the ‘Transition Towns’ network. My aim is to illustrate the scenario where major social change is taking place for the following twenty years, so climate crisis, collapsing biodiversity, crumbling democracy and sustainability challenges reduce or even reverse in 2050.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->I initially started out with the idea of inventing a utopia. Following deep research into sustainability issues, I discovered plenty of work on solutions already applied in other parts of the world. I currently draw an ‘alternative’ society, where I imagine the application of all these initiatives to our local urban area and lifestyle.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-image-7825"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="680" height="658" class="wp-image-7825" style="width: 680px;" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst3@.jpg" alt="FlowinkMyst" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst3@.jpg 1300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst3@-300x290.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst3@-1024x991.jpg 1024w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst3@-768x743.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst3@-12x12.jpg 12w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst3@-600x581.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" />
<figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Paris 2050: The asphalt is gone, nature takes over the Haussmannian facades and permaculture settles in the city. Flowink Myst.</figcaption>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->I see this series as an opportunity to stimulate the collective imagination and serve as a starting point for constructive conversations. Besides, I’d love to share my research and everything that inspires <em>Utopicities 2050</em>.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->I’m launching <strong>a call for collaborative participation </strong>open to all: members of my private (and free) community will be able to access several sources of positive inspiration, independent initiatives, collective brainstorming sessions, take part in polls related to the content of upcoming illustrations, and/or simply follow the series’ progress closely.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->If you&#8217;d like to be part of the journey, please send &#8220;teammate&#8221; to <a href="mailto:flowinkmyst@gmail.com">flowinkmyst@gmail.com</a>.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML: </strong>This summer I&#8217;ll be doing an artist&#8217;s residency for a few weeks at the Openbach gallery in Vincennes, during which I&#8217;ll be carrying out visual and painterly research in preparation for two exhibitions planned for September and December on the theme of dreams.<br />Alongside this, I&#8217;m developing a new editorial project on dreams, and I&#8217;m putting out a <a href="https://maiteleon.com/dream-illustration/">call for testimonials</a> on my website, open to all, to collect new dream stories. If you&#8217;d like to take part, please write to me at <a href="mailto:contact@maiteleon.com">contact@maiteleon.com</a>.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">Do you have any other artistic/creative interests besides illustration?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> Yes, I love exploring different fields of creativity because it fuels my work. For the last two years, I&#8217;ve been practising opera singing and learning to read music. Before that, I did theatrical improvisation in English and artistic fencing for three years. And contemporary dance in an amateur company for eight years.<br />This year, I also took part in a writing workshop run by French poet Florentine Rey, which gave me the opportunity to illustrate several texts I&#8217;ve written.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>FM: </strong>I&#8217;ve been playing music for a while, piano, synth and bass. I still perform with blues, rock and psychedelic bands here and there and really enjoy jamming with friends, it gets me out of my solitary work routine.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">What do you listen to when you work?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> Mainly podcasts in English about illustration or film music by Ramin Djawadi or Marco Beltrami to immerse myself directly in a certain atmosphere favourable to a state of flow. I also enjoy listening to films or TV series while I&#8217;m drawing.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>FM: </strong>It depends on the season. At the moment, I listen to a lot of psychedelic folk and minimalist music for anything that requires concentration. In winter, I’m more into punk, post-punk and new wave sounds, while in summer I switch to a more prog rock playlist, like the Steams, King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard, Psychedelic Porn Crumpets etc.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">What projects would you like to carry out in the future?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> As an artist, I would very much like to work on a large mural, do an artist residency abroad, in the Baltic States or elsewhere, and take part in a collaborative project with other artists, for a creation or with a view to an exhibition.<br />I&#8217;d also like to continue illustrating book covers, short texts and, of course, dreams.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>FM: </strong>I’d love to work with musicians to design their logos, cover art and posters – I love the creative spark and the multitude of visions.<br />I’d also love to do more illustrations for architects who work consciously and want to do things differently. Stepping out of your comfort zone and saying no to 3D isn’t always easy, but drawing is a tool that changes the way clients and people in general look at your projects.<br />I’d also like to do illustrations for women architects, who represent only 7% of architectural firms. For this purpose, there’s a book project that I’m working on with the historian Alma Smoluch. I hope that I can tell you more soon.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-image-7828"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="680" height="771" class="wp-image-7828" style="width: 680px;" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst4@.jpg" alt="FlowinkMyst" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst4@.jpg 1146w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst4@-264x300.jpg 264w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst4@-903x1024.jpg 903w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst4@-768x871.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst4@-11x12.jpg 11w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/FlowinkMyst4@-600x681.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" />
<figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Blue House, Flowink Myst<br />Architectural illustration of the Orteaux childcare centre (Paris 20th arrondissement) by the winner of the Female Architect 2022 Award, Christelle Avenier from Avenier Cornejo Architectes</figcaption>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color" style="color: #000000f0;">Where can we see your work?</h3>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>FM:</strong> On my website <a href="https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d3423e322ea7766eca9875782&amp;id=00f9be8214&amp;e=a31869ab10" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u%3Dd3423e322ea7766eca9875782%26id%3D00f9be8214%26e%3Da31869ab10&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1716134998246000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1iCQpBzhSnL3Z7PCc0ViNH">flowinkmyst.com</a>, on Instagram <a href="https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d3423e322ea7766eca9875782&amp;id=93f6ed4ec3&amp;e=a31869ab10" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u%3Dd3423e322ea7766eca9875782%26id%3D93f6ed4ec3%26e%3Da31869ab10&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1716134998246000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1rA3j51775uag6XdOMOZpA">@flowink_myst</a> and Facebook <a href="https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d3423e322ea7766eca9875782&amp;id=acb06c5b05&amp;e=a31869ab10" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u%3Dd3423e322ea7766eca9875782%26id%3Dacb06c5b05%26e%3Da31869ab10&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1716134998246000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0B4wzPMttnMLRnkVbqTpgl">@flowinkmyst</a></p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong>ML:</strong> On my website, <a href="https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d3423e322ea7766eca9875782&amp;id=1475071da8&amp;e=a31869ab10" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u%3Dd3423e322ea7766eca9875782%26id%3D1475071da8%26e%3Da31869ab10&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1716134998246000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1j_hcPEvgY4Gb8y9I4YKVy">maiteleon.com</a> and on Instagram <a href="https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d3423e322ea7766eca9875782&amp;id=7222889101&amp;e=a31869ab10" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u%3Dd3423e322ea7766eca9875782%26id%3D7222889101%26e%3Da31869ab10&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1716134998246000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0FDPzYq-BSRzyTw6HfNTPW">@maite_leon_illustrations</a>. I also have a <a href="https://maiteleon.us19.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d3423e322ea7766eca9875782&amp;id=47390a34f5&amp;e=a31869ab10">monthly newsletter</a> that you can subscribe to if you want to follow my news.</p>
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		<title>In Plantu&#8217;s Archives</title>
		<link>https://maiteleon.com/in-plantus-archives/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maite LEON]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2022 17:35:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Artists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[archives]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BnF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dessin de presse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[press cartoon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://maiteleon.com/?p=5927</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Thanks to the implementation of an optimized archiving system in 2009, we managed to catalogue 50 years of original press cartoons by Plantu, editorial cartoonist and caricaturist at Le Monde newspaper from 1972 to 2021. This is how it all began.]]></description>
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<h2 class="edgtf-custom-font-holder" style="font-size: 40px;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;text-align: left" data-font-size= 40>
	In Plantu's Archives: A collection of 30 000 cartoons	</h2>

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	By Maite Leon, personal assistant to Plantu at daily newspaper Le Monde, from October 2009 to May 2021 (Updated in 2025)	</h4>

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			<p>I started working at the French daily <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/"><i>Le Monde</i></a> in November 2009, and this was the beginning of a new archiving system and an eleven, almost twelve-year endeavor. These were not just any archives, but quite simply 50 years of original press cartoons drawn by Plantu, an editorial cartoonist and caricaturist at Le Monde since 1972 and with whom I had the pleasure of working, until his retirement from the newspaper, in March 2021. This is how it all starts.</p>
<p>On a rainy morning of winter 2009, someone from general services calls to ask me what to do with the Plantu boxes lying around in the fourth basement. On the spot, I discover, piled up in a corner, boxes filled with speckled archival boxes, scattered around, containing documents. To my great surprise, some of them are torn open and their contents are spilled out on the floor: these are not just any documents, but original ink drawings! I immediately ask that these boxes are moved to my office, which has a lock. I tell Plantu, who can&#8217;t believe it: he thought that his boxes were well protected, and not in a storage room, with all sorts of old furniture, easily accessible&#8230;</p>
<p>Once the boxes are safely stored in my office, I begin a brief inventory: 40 blue and green speckled cardboard boxes, each containing about 200 original ink and marker drawings, in addition to the 65 other boxes already in cabinets in my office, for a total of 21,000 drawings, according to a first estimate. On closer inspection, I notice that some of the boxes correspond to published books: they contain originals, but also copies of drawings filed in other boxes. At the time, it was easier for Plantu to find a drawing according to the book in which it was published. It becomes therefore necessary to sort the contents of all the boxes, remove all the duplicates, and refile everything according to their indexing number.</p>
<p>The first work of indexing the originals was carried out by Plantu himself in the 1970s and, from the 1980s, by Brigitte Rocquin, his assistant at the time. An identification number was assigned to each drawing. I will describe the archiving procedures used over the years on all of his work, both for the paper and the digital archives.</p>
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			<h3>The early archives</h3>
<p>Plantu publishes his very first drawing in <i>La Vie du rail</i> on September 13, 1970. In the 1970s, he also has drawings published in <i>VRP syndicaliste</i>, <i>Génération, Panurge, Pourquoi pas, Pariscop, Un plus un</i>, <i>Bonne Soirée France</i> and <i>Belgique</i>, <i>Télé magazine</i> and he starts working for <i>30 Jours d&#8217;Europe</i>. These are mainly drawings in Indian ink executed with a very fine Rotring pen. They are stored in archival boxes labeled as follows: the number of the box, then the indexing numbers of the drawings (first and last) and, finally, the dates of publication (of the first and last drawing). In september 2019, there are 123 boxes.</p>
<p>In the 1980s, Plantu publishes his drawings in <i>Témoignage chrétien, La Vie, Le Monde diplomatique, Le Monde de l&#8217;éducation, Le Monde dossiers et documents, Les Dossiers de l&#8217;étudiant, Croissance des jeunes</i> <em>nation</em><i>s, La Croix, La Mèche, Sin Censura, Réforme </i>and<i> Tumulte.</i> In 1981, he publishes in <i>Record</i> (now <i>Phosphore</i>), <i>La Non-Violence politique, Tambour, Turbule, Terre des hommes, Télérama </i>(1983)<i>, Demain Le Monde </i>(1984)<i>, Libération, Le Soir, La Grosse Bertha</i> and <i>Pèlerin magazine</i> (1986).</p>
<p>He publishes his very first drawing in <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/"><i>Le Monde</i></a>, in the edition of the daily newspaper dated October 1 &#8211; 2, 1972 <i>(fig.1)</i>. The original drawing in Indian ink is part of a donation of 500 original drawings, intended for the collection of the Department of Archives and Prints of the <a href="https://www.bnf.fr/sites/default/files/2019-07/cp_don_Plantu.pdf"><i>National Library of France (BnF)</i></a><i>.</i></p>

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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="717" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1972-10-01-et-02-PAGE-1ER-DESSIN-COLOMBE-1024x717.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1972-10-01-et-02-PAGE-1ER-DESSIN-COLOMBE-1024x717.jpg 1024w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1972-10-01-et-02-PAGE-1ER-DESSIN-COLOMBE-e1568040195493-600x420.jpg 600w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1972-10-01-et-02-PAGE-1ER-DESSIN-COLOMBE-300x210.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1972-10-01-et-02-PAGE-1ER-DESSIN-COLOMBE-768x538.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1972-10-01-et-02-PAGE-1ER-DESSIN-COLOMBE-e1568040195493.jpg 1286w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />												</div>
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			<p><span style="color: #808080;">(fig.1)<em> Plantu&#8217;s first drawing Published in Le Monde, October 2nd, 1972</em></span></p>

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			<p>The original drawings from the 1980s usually don&#8217;t have a publication date, only an index number and a few keywords. Centralizing and cross-referencing all the information in an Excel file made it possible to cross-check the data from the paper drawings and the digital images in order to identify, date and classify them in the archive boxes and in the digital files.</p>

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			<h3>The 1990&#8217;s archives</h3>
<p>Plantu publishes his first drawing in <i>L&#8217;Express</i>, on February 7, 1991. The first drawings published in the weekly are in black and white and the addition of color is done gradually. Plantu  provided meticulous indications for the placement of colors for the photo engraving: with flat areas or vignettes with precise indications. Here is an example of an archive drawing declined as follows: the copy of the original drawing with the necessary indications <i>(fig.2)</i>, the original drawing in ink <i>(fig.3)</i>, a copy version colored in felt-tip pen <i>(fig.4)</i> and a layout template for the printmaker for the color setting <i>(fig.5)</i>:</p>

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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="209" height="300" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig4-209x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig4-209x300.jpg 209w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig4-scaled-600x860.jpg 600w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig4-768x1101.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig4-714x1024.jpg 714w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig4-scaled.jpg 1786w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px" />												</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="210" height="300" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig5-210x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig5-210x300.jpg 210w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig5-scaled-600x856.jpg 600w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig5-768x1096.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig5-718x1024.jpg 718w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig5-scaled.jpg 1795w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px" />												</div>
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			<p><em><span style="color: #808080;">(figs.2, 3, 4, 5)</span></em></p>

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			<h3>Archives in the years 2000</h3>
<p>The format of the original drawings change, and sometimes Plantu makes a drawing in several parts: he can now scan them easily, which makes his work easier. The archived drawings have more elements: the color copy of the drawing as it was published in the press <i>(fig.6)</i>, then the original drawing in ink in A4 or even A3 format <i>(fig.7)</i>, drafts in black and white or color felt-tip pen <i>(fig.8 and 9)</i>, color or black and white flat tints which are used as an indication to the printmaker for four-color printing <i>(fig.10)</i>, as well as sometimes, a color copy of the front page of <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/"><i>Le Monde</i></a> with the drawing:</p>

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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="244" height="300" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134e-aplats-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134e-aplats-scaled.jpg 2078w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134e-aplats-scaled-600x739.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px" />												</div>
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			<p><em><span style="color: #808080;">(figs.6, 7, 8, 9, 10)</span></em></p>

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			<h3 style="text-align: left;">The digital archives</h3>
<p>The digital archiving of Plantu&#8217;s drawings is done in the years 2000, once the technical means make it possible. As the scans of the drawings at the time have insufficient resolution, it is necessary, starting in 2009, to rescan a large part of the collection, in particular the color versions of the drawings as they were published. Subsequently, we undertake to scan the black and white (BW) originals and the drafts from the 2000&#8217;s that exist in paper format but have never been scanned, that is to say nearly 20,000 images in JPG format at 400 dpi.</p>
<p>The color images in JPG format are stored on a server I shared with Plantu. This server has two main folders: a thematic folder, where each drawing is classified by theme, for example &#8220;Emmanuel Macron&#8221;, &#8220;Human Rights&#8221;, &#8220;Democracy&#8221; or &#8220;Society&#8221;, which contains 450 thematic folders and about 66,000 files (JPG drawings, PDFs, i.e. a volume of 77 GB of documents) and a chronological folder where all the drawings (without drafts) are classified by year and month, and which comprises almost 25,000 drawings.</p>
<p>In order to optimize the classification of the images and to harmonize their indexing, I set up a simplified system for the naming of the image files in the following form: year, month, day, theme/keywords, publication medium and the file resolution:</p>
<p>ex. : [21404-2018-08-21-MACRON-BENALLA-Le Monde-400.JPG]</p>
<p>In February 2013, I ask Odile Gaultier Voituriez, head of the archives at <a href="https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/"><i>Sciences P</i>o</a>, for advice on the most efficient archival software, particularly those capable of processing images and associated metadata, in order to find the most suitable method for our internal use of Plantu&#8217;s archives. This leads me to create, at the time, an additional and complementary indexing source outside our shared server: a &#8220;NOMENCLATURE&#8221; folder which gathers all the colour JPGs, the JPGs of the originals, and the JPGs of the scanned drafts, classified by indexing number in 22 folders divided by thousands, ranging from zero to 22,000, in the following format: indexing number, year, month, day, theme/keywords, publication medium, image size:</p>
<p>ex. : [21027-2017-10-11-CATALOGNE-Xe-SOURIS-L’Express-600.JPG]</p>
<p>In 2009, I create an Excel spreadsheet that centralizes and summarizes all the data for each drawing in 11 columns as follows: index number, publication date, caption (dialogue or description of the drawing), keywords, status (published/unpublished), publication (title of the publication medium), books (in which the drawing was published), notes (various information about the drawing, whether it was given or sold, etc.), presence of the original BW (Yes/No), appendices (details about the nature of the appendices, drafts, colour plates, copies), the presence of the original BW (Yes/No), the annexes (details on the nature of the annexes, drafts, colour plates, copies). In March 2018 I add another column to list the 500 drawings donated to the <a href="https://www.bnf.fr/en"><i>BnF</i></a><i> </i>and, in 2019, a new column (in purple) for a precise full count of the originals.</p>
<p>This database, updated on a daily basis, took several years to complete. By cross-checking the data with the &#8220;Nomenclature&#8221; file, it became possible to find and correctly date up to 80% of all Plantu&#8217;s published drawings.</p>

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			<h3>Press-books</h3>
<p>Over the years, Plantu consistently listed the publications of his drawings in various media. This meticulous work allowed me to find the dates and media of publication of all his works, as well as to recreate his collection of originals by including copies of the missing drawings. This research took years and required the occasional help of interns. From 1970 to June 1972, Plantu&#8217;s drawings are filed in spiral photo albums <i>(fig.11)</i>. He marks the date and medium of publication. The index numbers in red are added in 2018 <i>(fig.12)</i>.</p>

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			<p><em><span style="color: #808080;">(figs.11, 12)</span></em></p>

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			<p>Later on, Plantu chooses Clairefontaine notebooks numbered from 1 to 87 in which he cuts and pastes his press articles, sometimes mentioning the date and medium of publication. The index numbers and missing dates are added in red in 2018, for indexing purposes (<i>fig.13</i>).</p>

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			<p><em><span style="color: #808080;">(fig.13)</span></em></p>

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			<p>From 1975 onwards, Plantu chooses stapled metal press-books, numbered from 1 to 75 and dated, which were still used in 2021 for all the press clippings (<i>fig. 14 and 15)</i>:</p>

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			<p><em><span style="color: #808080;">(figs.14, 15)</span></em></p>

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			<h3>The tools</h3>
<p>The tools we mainly used since I joined <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/"><i>Le Monde</i></a> in 2009, are: a XEROX and then a KONICA high-resolution printer, which enabled us to make scans and colour copies of the drawings in 400 dpi. All image processing (cropping, cleaning, file naming) was done on Photoshop, on MAC OS X and the data recording in the Excel database was done on a PC, Windows 7 Pro.</p>

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			<h3>The other archives</h3>
<p>Plantu&#8217;s archives also include his entire bibliography (more than 65 published personal collections of press cartoons, up to 2021), also listed in digital form, and the interviews. The paper versions are in the press-books, but the filmed videos and recorded broadcasts are saved on hard disk. There are also paper and digital archives of all his exhibitions, some volume works and sculptures, stored in a special room in <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/"><i>Le Monde</i></a> and after the newspaper&#8217;s relocation in 2020, on another location, along with administrative files and letters from readers.</p>
<p>Plantu&#8217;s work is extremely rich, as he is a very prolific cartoonist, and we felt it was essential to complete this archiving work. This enabled us to quantify, identify and find all of his publications, more than 90% of which are now in the archives.</p>
<p>I would like to thank all those who facilitated this work, the team from <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/"><i>Le Monde</i></a>&#8216;s IT department, who were able to solve all our technical problems, the occasional contribution of trainees assigned by the <i>BnF</i>, and volunteers, who took some part in sorting and classifying the originals, in the computer processing of the images, and who helped to feed our database. We would like to thank Laurence Engel, then President of the <a href="https://www.bnf.fr/en"><i>BnF</i></a>, as well as Martine Mauvieux, who was in charge of the collections of press drawings in the Department of Prints and Photography, where the entire collection is now stored. It has been a real challenge to carry out such a large-scale archival work, which we hope will be a goldmine for researchers and beneficial to future generations.</p>
<p><b>Maite Leon</b></p>
<h3></h3>

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			<p>More information:<br />
• <a href="https://www.bnf.fr/fr/actualites/plantu-signe-lentree-de-lessentiel-de-sa-collection-de-dessins-la-bnf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The BnF website</a><br />
• <a href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/livres/plantu-fait-don-de-sa-collection-de-500-dessins-au-site-gallica-de-la-bnf_3520841.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article on Franceinfo Culture (in French)</a><br />
• Plantu&#8217;s Interview on Europe 1 (in French):</p>
<audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-5927-1" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019-07-05-Europe-1-Mathieu-Noël@.mp3?_=1" /><a href="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019-07-05-Europe-1-Mathieu-Noël@.mp3">https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019-07-05-Europe-1-Mathieu-Noël@.mp3</a></audio>

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		<title>The Uncertain Certainty</title>
		<link>https://maiteleon.com/the-uncertain-certainty/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maite LEON]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Nov 2021 17:32:06 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[De Chirico]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[painting]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://maiteleon.com/?p=6970</guid>

					<description><![CDATA["The uncertain certainty", is an illustration inspired by Giorgio de Chirico's painting "The Uncertainty of the Poet", 1913.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>The Uncertain Certainty</em>, is an illustration I did, inspired by Giorgio de Chirico&#8217;s painting <em>The Uncertainty of the Poet</em>, 1913.</p>
<p>Born in Greece in 1888, Giorgio de Chirico was inspired by Greek mythology; arcades, statues and unrealistic perspectives are recurring themes in his paintings. Passing trains represent his father who was a railway transport engineer. The artichokes are depicted in a few of his paintings and also in <em>Melancholy of an Afternoon</em>, painted in the same period.</p>
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		<title>Francis Bacon : l&#8217;apparence de la réalité</title>
		<link>https://maiteleon.com/francis-bacon-lapparence-de-la-realite/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maite LEON]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Oct 2019 15:54:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Artists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exhibition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Francis Bacon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://maiteleon.com/?p=4519</guid>

					<description><![CDATA["Je peux rêver tout éveillé et ressentir les tableaux que je voudrais faire : ils s’allument comme des diapositives qui ne sont pas très détaillées, elles sont une impression générale de ce que je veux faire. Les personnages se développent en cours de travail, ils deviennent mieux définis et parfois ils se transforment complètement."]]></description>
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			<blockquote><p>
J&#8217;aime commencer à travailler très tôt le matin, car tout me vient plus facilement à ce moment-là. Quand je travaille, je n&#8217;aime pas avoir des gens autour de moi, je me sens beaucoup plus libre tout seul. Quand je suis seul, je peux laisser la peinture me dicter, plutôt que d&#8217;avoir conscience d&#8217;une présence autour de moi. Ainsi, les images que je fais, ce que je mets sur la toile, me dictent petit à petit ma peinture, ça prend forme et ça vient. C&#8217;est pour cela que j&#8217;aime être seul, livré à la désespérance d&#8217;être capable de mettre quelque chose sur la toile.
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<blockquote><p>
Je peux rêver tout éveillé et ressentir les tableaux que je voudrais faire : ils s&#8217;allument comme des diapositives qui ne sont pas très détaillées, elles sont une impression générale de ce que je veux faire. Les personnages se développent en cours de travail, ils deviennent mieux définis et parfois ils se transforment complètement.
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<blockquote><p>
La chance et le hasard jouent un rôle important dans mes toiles et peuvent se manifester partout, dans la manière d&#8217;appliquer la peinture, et cette manière, peut tout d&#8217;un coup suggérer une forme. J&#8217;utilise des pinceaux relativement gros, même pour des petits tableaux. Un trait suggère le trait suivant, à partir duquel je développe. Parfois, après avoir travaillé, je suis tellement écœuré par ce que j&#8217;ai fait, ça me rend tellement malade que j&#8217;attrape le pinceau et barbouille des grands traits partout. Saloperie ! Je n&#8217;y arriverai jamais ! Et puis d&#8217;un coup, de ce chaos surgit la possibilité d&#8217;une image à laquelle je n&#8217;avais pas pensé.(&#8230;)
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<blockquote><p>
J&#8217;utilise des photographies comme on utilise des modèles. Elles sont beaucoup moins inhibantes que d&#8217;avoir le sujet assis devant soi. Il est exact que je n&#8217;ai fait que les portraits de gens que je connaissais déjà très bien et que j&#8217;avais beaucoup vu mais j&#8217;ai toujours des photographies d&#8217;eux auxquelles je peux me référer pour me rafraîchir la mémoire. (&#8230;)J&#8217;achète parfois des livres dans des librairies médicales, non pas que je puisse les utiliser directement, mais les couleurs sont parfois tellement belles, qu&#8217;elles suggèrent d&#8217;autre façons d&#8217;appliquer la couleur sur la peau.
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Dans le tableau de la<i> Dune de sable (1983)</i>, certains y voient curieusement un rapport avec le corps humain. Je ne l&#8217;ai jamais envisagé comme ça, c&#8217;est juste une dune de sable. Je l&#8217;ai peint avec la poussière de mon atelier que j&#8217;ai eu beaucoup de mal à soulever du plancher. (&#8230;) Je l&#8217;ai récupérée avec un chiffon que j&#8217;ai collé à même la peinture humide. Une fois le tableau sec, j&#8217;ai étalé la poussière avec du pastel. Le seul problème avec l&#8217;utilisation du pastel, c&#8217;est que la poussière se colore. (&#8230;) Le pastel m&#8217;a parfois permis d&#8217;obtenir une couleur impossible à trouver dans la peinture à l&#8217;huile ou dans l&#8217;acrylique. (&#8230;) La poussière semble quelque chose d&#8217;éternel. Sur mes toiles, elle ne s&#8217;est pas altérée en 40 ans. (&#8230;) J&#8217;utilise mes murs comme palette. Je serai très triste de quitter cet endroit. Je me sens chez moi dans le chaos. Le chaos me suggère des images. Je ne peux vivre que là. L&#8217;art, c&#8217;est d&#8217;essayer de tirer quelque chose du chaos de l&#8217;existence.
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Ce que j&#8217;admire chez Picasso, c&#8217;est la brutalité du fait : il arrive a exprimer la crudité de la vie de manière directe, extraordinairement aiguë ; On a le sentiment du fait lui-même, sans la volonté de l&#8217;exprimer. Dans l&#8217;oeuvre de Velasquez, c&#8217;est le ton et l&#8217;atmosphère qui m&#8217;ont hanté et fasciné. Sa méticulosité, son merveilleux sens de la couleur et un extraordinaire contrôle de la représentation. Les dessins de Michel-Ange, m&#8217;ont donné le sens des possibilités de volume dans le corps humain. C&#8217;est l&#8217;enseignement le plus important que j&#8217;en ai tiré. J&#8217;ai aussi été très influencé par les films <i>La grève</i> de Sergei Eisenstein ou <i>Le chien Andalou</i> de Luis Buñuel, qui avaient tous deux une extrême précision de l&#8217;imagerie. Ils ont conditionné toute mon attitude à l&#8217;égard du visuel, à la netteté des images que je voulais produire.</p>
<p>Je sais bien que maintenant, avec tous les moyens modernes, le cinéma, les films, la question est : comment capturer la réalité ? Comment capturer l&#8217;apparence sans en faire une simple illustration ? C&#8217;est un des grands combats et des défis passionnants que doit relever l&#8217;artiste figuratif d&#8217;aujourd&#8217;hui. Pour essayer de fixer la vie, le peintre doit pouvoir abréger jusqu&#8217;à l&#8217;intensité, aller vers une simplicité sophistiquée. Pour moi, ce qui fait un grand portrait, c&#8217;est le réalisme de l&#8217;image qui par-delà toutes les déformations, toutes les altérations, vous ramène à la personne que vous êtes en train de saisir. C&#8217;est extrêmement difficile, car nous sommes dans les confins du réalisme.(&#8230;)
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<p>Extraits libres du documentaire de Michael Blackwood, <i>Francis Bacon, Au-delà du réel : La vérité </i>(BBC, 1997)</p>
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<div dir="ltr">Plus d&#8217;informations :</div>
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<div>&gt; <a href="http://bit.ly/Expo-Bacon-CentrePompidou"><b>Bacon en toutes lettres.</b></a> En ce moment et jusqu’au 20 janvier 2020, le Centre Pompidou consacre une vaste exposition à Francis Bacon sur ses oeuvres de 1971 à sa mort en 1992.</div>
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<div>&gt; <a href="https://youtu.be/lmuWR6fUCWQ"><strong>Interview du Commissaire de l&#8217;exposition</strong></a> <em>Bacon en toutes lettres,</em> (Le Point)</div>
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<div dir="ltr">&gt; <a href="https://youtu.be/h0iWdjh4Xkg"><strong>Francis Bacon, 1964</strong></a> &#8211; Les archives de la RTS</div>
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		<title>Dans les archives de Plantu</title>
		<link>https://maiteleon.com/dans-les-archives-de-plantu/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maite LEON]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Sep 2019 14:48:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Artists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BnF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dessin de presse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[press cartoon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://maiteleon.com/?p=4448</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Grâce à la mise en place, en 2009, d'un système d’archivage optimisé, nous avons répertorié 50 ans de dessins de presse originaux de Plantu, dessinateur éditorialiste et caricaturiste au journal Le Monde depuis 1972 jusqu'en mars 2021. Voici comment tout a commencé.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Plantu : Une collection de 30 000 dessins</h2>
<h2>Par Maïté Léon, collaboratrice de Plantu au journal Le Monde de 2009 à 2021<br />
(article mis à jour en 2021)<br />
</h2>
<p>Mon arrivée au journal <em>Le Monde</em>, en novembre 2009, marquait le début de la mise en place d’un nouveau système d’archivage et d’un travail effectué sur une période de dix ans. Il ne s’agissait pas de n’importe quel type d’archives, mais tout simplement de 50 ans de dessins de presse originaux dessinés par Plantu, dessinateur éditorialiste et caricaturiste au journal <em>Le Monde</em> depuis 1972 et avec qui j’ai eu le plaisir de travailler de 2009 à 2021. Voici comment tout a commencé.</p>
<p>Un matin pluvieux d’hiver, une personne des services généraux m’appelait pour me demander : &#8220;Que faire des cartons de Plantu qui traînaient au quatrième sous-sol ?&#8221;. Sur place, je découvrais, empilés dans un coin, des cartons remplis de boîtes d’archives mouchetées, dispersées en vrac, qui contenaient des documents. A ma grande surprise, certaines étaient éventrées et leur contenu se trouvait répandu à même le sol : or, il ne s’agissait pas de n’importe quels documents, mais de dessins à l’encre originaux ! J&#8217;ai demandé immédiatement à ce que ces cartons soient rapatriés dans mon bureau, qui fermait à clé. J&#8217;ai prévenu Plantu qui n’en revenait pas, car il pensait que ses cartons étaient bien protégés, à l’abri, et non éventrés dans un débarras, avec toutes sortes de vieux meubles, accessibles au premier venu&#8230;</p>
<p>Une fois les cartons en sécurité dans mon bureau, j&#8217;ai démarré un bref inventaire : 40 boîtes cartonnées mouchetées bleu et vert contenant chacune environ 200 dessins originaux à l’encre et au feutre, qui s’ajoutaient aux 65 autres boîtes déjà présentes dans des armoires dans mon bureau, soit, d’après une première estimation, un total de 21 000 dessins. En y regardant de plus près, j&#8217;ai constaté que certains cartons correspondaient à des livres publiés : ils contenaient des originaux, mais aussi des copies de dessins classés dans d’autres boîtes. A l’époque, il était plus simple pour Plantu de retrouver un dessin en fonction du livre dans lequel il avait été publié. Il avait donc fallu trier le contenu de toutes les boîtes, supprimer tous les doublons, et reclasser le tout selon le numéro d’indexation.</p>
<p>Un premier travail d’indexation des originaux avait été effectué par Plantu lui-même dans les années 1970 et, à partir des années 1980, par Brigitte Rocquin, son assistante de l’époque, avec un numéro d’identification attribué à chaque dessin. Je vais vous décrire les procédés d’archivage utilisés au fil des années sur l’ensemble de son œuvre, tant pour les archives papier que pour les archives numériques.</p>
<h2>Les archives des débuts</h2>
<p>Plantu a publié son tout premier dessin dans <em>La Vie du rail</em> le 13 septembre 1970. Dans les années 1970, il publiait également ses dessins dans <em>VRP syndicaliste, Génération, Panurge, Pourquoi pas, Pariscop, Un plus un, Bonne Soirée France et Belgique, Télé magazine</em> et il avait commencé à travailler pour <em>30 Jours d’Europe</em>. C&#8217;était principalement des dessins à l’encre de Chine exécutés au Rötring très fin. Ils étaient entreposés dans des cartons d’archivage étiquetés de la manière suivante : le numéro de la boîte, puis les numéros d’indexation des dessins (premier et dernier) et, enfin, les dates de publication (du premier et du dernier dessin). Nous avions, à ce moment-là, 123 boîtes d&#8217;archives.</p>
<p>Dans les années 1980, Plantu publiait ses dessins dans <em>Témoignage chrétien, La Vie, Le Monde diplomatique, Le Monde de l’éducation, Le Monde dossiers et documents, Les Dossiers de l’étudiant, Croissance des jeunes nations, La Croix, La Mèche, Sin Censura, Réforme, Tumulte</em>. En 1981, il en a publié dans <em>Record</em> (devenu <em>Phosphore</em>), <em>La Non-Violence politique, Tambour, Turbule, Terre des hommes, Télérama (1983), Demain Le Monde (1984), Libération, Le Soir, La Grosse Bertha</em> et <em>Pèlerin magazine</em> (1986).</p>
<p>Il a publié son tout premier dessin dans <em>Le Monde</em> dans l’édition du quotidien daté 1er &#8211; 2 octobre 1972 <i>(fig.1)</i>. Le dessin original à l’encre de Chine a fait partie d’un don de 500 dessins originaux, destiné à la collection du département des Archives et des Estampes de la <a href="https://www.bnf.fr/sites/default/files/2019-07/cp_don_Plantu.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>.</p>
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										<img decoding="async" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1972-10-01-et-02-PAGE-1ER-DESSIN-COLOMBE-e1568040195493.jpg" title="DESSIN-COLOMBE" alt="fig. 1 - Premier dessin de Plantu publié dans Le Monde du 2 octobre 1972." loading="lazy" /><figcaption>(fig.1)</figcaption></figure>
<p>Les dessins originaux des années 1980 ne comportaient en général pas de date de publication, seulement le numéro d’indexation et quelques mots-clés. Centraliser et recouper toutes les informations dans un fichier Excel a permis de croiser les données des dessins papier et des images numériques afin de les identifier, les dater et de les classer dans les boîtes et dans les dossiers numériques.</p>
<h2>Les archives des années 1990</h2>
<p>Plantu a publié son premier dessin dans <i>L’Express</i>, le 7 février 1991. Les premiers dessins publiés dans l’hebdomadaire étaient en noir et blanc et l’ajout de couleur s&#8217;est fait graduellement. Plantu devait fournir des indications minutieuses pour l’emplacement des couleurs à la photogravure : des aplats ou des vignettes avec des mentions précises. Voici ci-dessous un exemple de dessin d’archive décliné comme suit : la copie du dessin original avec les indications nécessaires<i> (fig.2)</i>, le dessin original à l’encre <i>(fig.3)</i>, une version de copie coloriée au feutre<i> (fig.4)</i> et un calque-gabarit destiné à l’imprimeur pour la mise en couleur <i>(fig.5)</i> :</p>
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										<img decoding="async" width="500" height="1000" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig2-500x1000.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>(fig.2)</figcaption></figure>
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										<img decoding="async" width="500" height="1000" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig3-500x1000.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>(fig.3)</figcaption></figure>
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										<img decoding="async" width="500" height="1000" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig4-500x1000.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>(fig.4)</figcaption></figure>
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										<img decoding="async" width="500" height="1000" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fig5-500x1000.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>(fig.5)</figcaption></figure>
<h2>Les archives des années 2000</h2>
<p>Le format des originaux avait changé, et il arrivait parfois que Plantu fasse un dessin en plusieurs parties : il pouvait à présent les scanner facilement, ce qui facilitait son travail. Les dessins archivés comportaient davantage d’éléments : la copie couleur du dessin tel qu’il avait été publié dans la presse<i> (fig.6)</i>, puis le dessin original à l’encre au format A4, voire A3 <i>(fig.7)</i>, des brouillons au feutre noir et blanc ou couleur <em>(fig.8 et 9)</em>, les aplats couleur ou noir et blanc qui servaient d’indication à l’impression en quadrichromie à l’imprimeur <i>(fig.10)</i>, ainsi que parfois, une copie en couleur de la “une” du <i>Monde</i> avec le dessin :</p>
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										<img decoding="async" width="550" height="550" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-550x550.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-550x550.jpg 550w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-300x300.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-100x100.jpg 100w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-150x150.jpg 150w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-1000x1000.jpg 1000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /><figcaption>(fig.6)</figcaption></figure>
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										<img decoding="async" width="550" height="550" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134b-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-550x550.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134b-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-550x550.jpg 550w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134b-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-scaled-300x300.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134b-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-scaled-100x100.jpg 100w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134b-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-150x150.jpg 150w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134b-2000-12-12-MINOTAURE-EUROPE-1000x1000.jpg 1000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /><figcaption>(fig.7)</figcaption></figure>
<p>												<img decoding="async" width="800" height="600" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134c-brouillon-800x600.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" />														</p>
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										<img decoding="async" width="800" height="600" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134d-brouillon-800x600.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>(fig.8,9)</figcaption></figure>
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										<img decoding="async" width="600" height="739" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134e-aplats-scaled.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134e-aplats-scaled.jpg 2078w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/15134e-aplats-scaled-600x739.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /><figcaption>(fig.10)</figcaption></figure>
<h2>L&#8217;archivage numérique</h2>
<p>L’archivage numérique des dessins de Plantu s’est fait dès les années 2000, une fois que les moyens techniques l’ont rendu possible. Comme les scans des dessins de l’époque avaient une résolution insuffisante, il avait fallu, à partir de 2009, rescanner une grosse partie de la collection, notamment les versions couleur des dessins tels qu’ils avaient été publiés. Par la suite, on avait entrepris de scanner les originaux noir et blanc et les brouillons des années 2000 qui existaient uniquement en format papier mais qui n’avaient jamais été scannés, soit près de 20 000 images au format JPG à 400 dpi.</p>
<p>Les images couleur au format JPG étaient stockées sur un serveur que je partageais avec Plantu. Ce serveur comprenait deux dossiers principaux : un dossier thématique, où chaque dessin était classé par thème, par exemple « Emmanuel Macron », « Droits de l’homme », « Démocratie » ou « Société », qui comportait, en 2019, 450 dossiers thématiques et environ 66 000 fichiers (dessins JPG, PDF, soit un volume de 77 Go de documents) et un dossier chronologique où tous les dessins (sans les brouillons) étaient classés par année et par mois, et qui comportait en 2019, <strong>22 875 dessins</strong>.</p>
<p>Afin d’optimiser le classement des images et homogénéiser leur indexation, j’avais mis en place un système simplifié pour le nommage des fichiers images sous la forme suivante : année, mois, jour, thème/mots clés, support de publication et la résolution du fichier :</p>
<p>                               ex. : [21404-2018-08-21-MACRON-BENALLA-Le Monde-400.JPG]</p>
<p>En février 2013, j’avais demandé conseil à Odile Gaultier Voituriez, responsable des archives à Sciences Po, sur les logiciels d&#8217;archivistique les plus performants, notamment ceux capables de traiter des images et métadonnées associées, afin de trouver la méthode la plus adaptée à l’utilisation que nous faisions en interne des archives de Plantu. Cela m’avait amené à créer à ce moment-là une source d’indexation supplémentaire et complémentaire en dehors de notre serveur partagé : un dossier «NOMENCLATURE» qui regroupait l’ensemble des JPG couleurs, des JPG des originaux, et des JPG des brouillons scannés, classés par numéro d’indexation dans 22 dossiers divisés par milliers, allant de zéro à 22 000, sous le format suivant : numéro d’indexation, année, mois, jour, thème/mots clés, support de publication, taille de l’image :</p>
<p>                             ex. : [21027-2017-10-11-CATALOGNE-Xe-SOURIS-L’Express-600.JPG]</p>
<p>En 2009, j’avais créé un fichier Excel qui centralisait et récapitulait toutes les données pour chaque dessin en 11 colonnes déclinées de la manière suivante : le numéro d’indexation, la date de publication, la légende (dialogue ou description du dessin), les mots-clés, le statut (publié/non publié), la parution (titre du support de publication), les livres (dans lesquels avait été publié le dessin), les notes (informations diverses sur le dessin, s’il avait été donné ou vendu, etc.), la présence de l’original NB (Oui/Non) les annexes (précisions sur la nature des pièces annexes, les brouillons, les aplats couleur, les copies). En mars 2018 j’avais rajouté une colonne supplémentaire pour répertorier les 500 dessins offerts à la BnF et, en 2019, une nouvelle colonne (en violet) pour un décompte précis des originaux.</p>
<p>L’alimentation de cette base de données, qui s&#8217;est fait de manière quotidienne, a pris plusieurs années. En recoupant les données avec le fichier «Nomenclature», cela a permis de retrouver et de dater correctement plus de 80 % de l’ensemble des dessins de Plantu publiés.</p>
<h2>Les Press-books</h2>
<p>Au fil des années, Plantu a toujours répertorié les publications de ses dessins sur des supports variés. Ce travail minutieux m’a permis de retrouver les dates et supports de publication de l’ensemble de ses œuvres, ainsi que de reconstituer sa collection d’originaux en y intégrant des copies des dessins manquants. Cette recherche a pris des années et nécessité l’aide ponctuelle de stagiaires.</p>
<p>De 1970 à juin 1972, les dessins de Plantu étaient classés dans des albums photos à spirale <em>(fig.11)</em>. Il y indiquait la date et le support de publication. Les numéros d’indexation en rouge avaient été rajoutés en 2018 <em>(fig.12)</em>.</p>
<figure>
										<img decoding="async" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/IMG_3032-scaled-plpn8g42eday3y9ho3gupbufl4dcp2a46ohg3r6j7c.jpg" title="IMG_3032" alt="IMG_3032" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>(fig.11)</figcaption></figure>
<figure>
										<img decoding="async" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/IMG_3031-scaled-plpn8ixkyvet2s5e7moqet4td9zgc5lb72fwjl2coo.jpg" title="IMG_3031" alt="IMG_3031" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>(fig.12)</figcaption></figure>
<p>Par la suite, Plantu avait choisi des cahiers Clairefontaine numérotés de 1 à 87 dans lesquels il découpait et collait ses parutions presse en mentionnant (parfois) la date et le support de publication. Les numéros d’indexation et les dates manquantes avaient été ajoutés en rouge pour l&#8217;indexation <em>(fig.13)</em>.</p>
<figure>
										<img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CAHIER-CLAIREFONTAINE-1024x768.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CAHIER-CLAIREFONTAINE-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CAHIER-CLAIREFONTAINE-scaled-600x450.jpg 600w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CAHIER-CLAIREFONTAINE-300x225.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CAHIER-CLAIREFONTAINE-768x576.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CAHIER-CLAIREFONTAINE-800x600.jpg 800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>(fig.13)</figcaption></figure>
<p>A partir de 1975, Plantu avait opté pour des press-books métalliques brochés, numérotés de 1 à 75 et datés, que nous utilisions encore en 2021 pour les coupures de presse <i> (fig.14 et 15) </i>:</p>
<figure>
										<img decoding="async" width="300" height="215" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/PRESS-BOOK-2-300x215.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/PRESS-BOOK-2-300x215.jpg 300w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/PRESS-BOOK-2-scaled-600x429.jpg 600w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/PRESS-BOOK-2-768x549.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/PRESS-BOOK-2-1024x732.jpg 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /><figcaption>(fig.14)</figcaption></figure>
<figure>
										<img decoding="async" width="261" height="300" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/IMG_4561-261x300.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/IMG_4561-261x300.jpg 261w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/IMG_4561-scaled-600x690.jpg 600w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/IMG_4561-768x884.jpg 768w, https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/IMG_4561-890x1024.jpg 890w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" /><figcaption>(fig.15)</figcaption></figure>
<h2>Les outils</h2>
<p>Les outils que nous avions principalement utilisés depuis mon arrivée au journal <i>Le Monde </i>en 2009, étaient : une imprimante haute résolution XEROX puis KONICA, qui nous avait permis de faire des scans et des copies couleur des dessins en 400 dpi. Tout le traitement des images (recadrage, nettoyage, nommage des fichiers) avait été fait sur Photoshop, sur MAC OS X et l’enregistrement des données dans la base de données Excel s’était fait sur PC, Windows 7 Pro.</p>
<h2>Les autres archives</h2>
<p>Les archives de Plantu comprenaient aussi l’ensemble de sa bibliographie (plus de 65 recueils personnels de dessins de presse), répertoriée également en version numérique, ainsi que les interviews. Les versions papier étaient dans les press-books, mais les vidéos filmées et les émissions enregistrées étaient sauvegardées sur disque dur. Il existait également des archives papier et numériques de l’ensemble de ses expositions, de certaines œuvres en volume et des sculptures, entreposées dans une pièce spéciale au sein du journal <i>Le Monde</i>, avec tous les dossiers administratifs et les courriers des lecteurs.</p>
<p>L’œuvre de Plantu est extrêmement riche, car c’est un dessinateur très prolifique et compléter ce travail d’archivage nous est paru indispensable. Cela avait permis de quantifier, d’identifier et retrouver l’ensemble de ses publications à plus de 90 %. Je tenais à remercier tous ceux qui avaient facilité ce travail, l’équipe du service informatique du <i>Monde</i>, qui avait su résoudre tous nos problèmes techniques, la contribution ponctuelle de stagiaires missionnés par la BnF, et de bénévoles, qui avaient participé au tri et au classement des originaux, au traitement informatique des images et qui avaient contribué à alimenter notre base de données. Tous nos remerciements à la présidente de la BnF, Laurence Engel ainsi que Martine Mauvieux, chargée des collections de dessins de presse du Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, où à été mise en dépôt l&#8217;ensemble de la collection. La réalisation d’un travail d’archive d’une telle envergure a été un réel défi, qui, nous l’espérons, sera une mine d’or pour les chercheurs et profitable aux générations futures.</p>
<p><b>Maité Léon</b></p>
<p>Plus d&#8217;informations :<br />&gt; <a href="https://www.bnf.fr/fr/actualites/plantu-signe-lentree-de-lessentiel-de-sa-collection-de-dessins-la-bnf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sur le site de la BnF</a><br />&gt; <a href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/livres/plantu-fait-don-de-sa-collection-de-500-dessins-au-site-gallica-de-la-bnf_3520841.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article sur Franceinfo Culture</a><br />&gt; Interview de Plantu sur Europe 1 :</p>
<p><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-4448-2" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019-07-05-Europe-1-Mathieu-Noël@.mp3?_=2" /><a href="https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019-07-05-Europe-1-Mathieu-Noël@.mp3">https://maiteleon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019-07-05-Europe-1-Mathieu-Noël@.mp3</a></audio></p>
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		<title>Leon Kalogeropoulos (1926-2003)</title>
		<link>https://maiteleon.com/leon-kalogeropoulos-1926-2003/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maite LEON]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 2019 10:50:46 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Greece]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Greek painters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leon Kalogeropoulos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marine art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oil painting]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://maiteleon.com/?p=4306</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[ Leon Kalogeropoulos (11 February 1926 – 27 April 2003) is a contemporary Greek marin artist who lived and worked in Athens.]]></description>
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			<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">Konstantinos&nbsp;</span><strong style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">Leon Kalogeropoulos</strong><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">&nbsp;(Greek:</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="el" style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">&Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;ί&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf; &Lambda;έ&omega;&nu; &Kappa;&alpha;&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&epsilon;&rho;ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">; 11 February 1926 &ndash; 27 April 2003) is a Greek marin artist known as Leon Kalogeropoulos, who was active and lived in Greece. Stepson of the Greek marin artist Nikos Kalogeropoulos</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">, he is considered to be one of the major Greek marin painters of the 20th century. His paintings are displayed in the <a href="http://hmmuseum.gr/">Maritime Museum in Piraeus</a>,</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: sans-serif;" title="National Gallery (Athens)" href="http://www.nationalgallery.gr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Athens National Gallery,</a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">&nbsp;and the&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: sans-serif;" title="Vorres Museum" href="http://www.vorresmuseum.gr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vorres Museum</a> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">collections. He is the only contemporary Greek artist the Hellenic Maritime Museum </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">includes in its permanent exhibition.</span></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><strong>Leon Kalogeropoulos</strong> grew up in Athens with his mother, Rosalie Athanassiou (1902-1984), sister to the Greek actress Georgia Vassiliadou (1897-1980). He learned his marine painting kraft at an early age, from his stepfather Nikos Kalogeropoulos (1889-1957), marine painter and professor at the Athens School of Fine Arts, specialized in Byzantine art and board member of the Greek Ministry of Education.</p>
<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">After economic studies at the Panteion University, he went to Paris in 1948 where he continued practicing his craft and training with French painter Gaston Cadenat, inspired by the emerging avant-garde Impressionist&nbsp;movement. He also worked as a chief accountant for various French companies and at the mess of the American Embassy in Paris. He took judo classes with yves Klein, and started playing competition chess.</p>
<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">Hired as chief accountant by the company <em>Les Grands Moulins de Dakar</em>, he went to Senegal, and in 1963 he became the manager of the <em>Africana</em> nightclub, restaurant and nautic base of the Hotel N&#8217;gor built by Le Corbusier in 1954. There, he started experimenting abstraction doing his first abstract compositions, and solo exhibitions as <strong>Costa Leon</strong>.</p>

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			<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">As&nbsp;</span><strong style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">Costa Leon</strong><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">, he won several chess prizes with the Cercle Echec Cap Vert, and was named chess champion in Senegal for two consecutive years in 1966 and 1967.</span></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">After the fall of Greek military junta in 1974, the family moved back to Athens, where Leon Kalogeropoulos opened a gallery and focused solely in his marine painting career, doing commissioned work as well as several personal and group exhibitions.</p>

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			<p>More information on <a href="https://greeksinart.com/index.php/marine-exhibition-2016/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Greeks in Art</a></p>

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			<p><em>&deg;&deg;&deg;&deg;</em></p>
<p><em>All copyright for use of any material of the artist is handled by the <a href="https://www.adagp.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ADAGP</a> for the Leon family estate. </em><em>For any additional information regarding the artist, <a href="http://contact@maiteleon.com">contact me</a> or post a comment below.</em></p>

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